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First-generation" rights are"the traditional liberties and privileges of citizenship, covered by the first twenty articles of the [Universal Declara- tion of Human Rights]: free speech, religious liberty, the right not to be tortured, the right to a fair trial, the right to vote, The socio-economic "second-generation rights" are --the right to work, the right to fair pay, the right to food, shelter and clothing, the right to education, etc.[2]
[1] JEREMY WALDRON, LIBERAL RIGHTS 5 (1993).
[2] See id. at 4-5. Third-generation rights, which I will not address here, concern collective and communal rights involving national self-determination, cul- tural practices, use of native languages and so on. See, e.g., Berta Esperanza Hernlndez-Truyol, Report of the Conference Rapporteur, 44 AM. U. L. REV. 1389, 1407 (1995) (Final Report to the Conference on the International Protection of Re- productive Rights, referring to "first (civil and political rights), second (social and economic rights) and third (solidarity) generation human rights."); Kathleen Mahoney, Theoretical Perspectives on Women's Human Rights and Strategies for their Implementation, 21 BROOK J. INTL L. 799, 837-38 (1996) (noting that third generation "group or peoples' rights are of greatest interest to developing coun- tries."); Stephen P. Marks, Emerging Human Rights: A New Generation for the 1980s?, 33 RUTGERS L. Rev. 435, 441 (1981) (observing that Karel Vasak has dis- tinguished the third generation of human rights as being "predicated on brother- hood (fraternitd), in the sense of solidarity" as opposed to rights predicated on libertd (first generation rights) or dgalitd (second generation rights)); Feisal Hussain Naqvi, People's Rights or Victim's Rights: Reexamining the Conceptualization of Indigenous Rights in International Law, 71 IND. L.J. 673, 713 (1996) (understand- ing third generation rights, such as the right to "cultural integrity" and "the right to development" as "expand[ing] the economic entitlements of individuals."); Barba- ra Stark, Conceptions of International Peace and Environmental Rights: "The Re- mains of the Day", 59 TENN. L. REV. 651, 654 (1992).
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